Memories are priceless, but in the case of videotape, they are not timeless. VHS to DVD Kit For PC & Mac Convert Any Video Tape To Digital Format 1) PC: Install the included Golden Videos VHS To DVD Converter Software (published by. After everything is transferred to digital, we return all of your original tapes. Just say the word and we will send a crushproof Legacybox your way with pre-paid roundtrip shipping and tracking via FedEx. Our technicians safely digitize over one million feet of videotape in our studio every day. VHS to DVD Conversion - How TO Piggy back you vcr into the back/front of dvd recorder using AV leads (yellow, red & white) Prepare your blank disk on the dvd. Easy VHS to DVD View (Image credit: Getty) With the best VHS to DVD converters, you never have to let your old video recordings gather dust or, worse, fall victim to someone in a cleaning frenzy. Here at Legacybox, we’d be honored for the chance to earn your trust with our video to DVD (or thumb drive, or digital download) transfer service. The handling of memories is sensitive territory, so it’s understandable that you’ve held onto your family legacy tightly. No matter the tape format-anything big or small with a cartridge that stores information on tape-transfer them before it’s too late. Also, the magnetic tape inside video cassette cartridges begins to break down after 15 years-first in quality, and then the images themselves. PowerDirector is the software you will use to convert your VHS tape to a digital file. These days, finding a VCR that doesn’t eat old tapes or an adapter for those non-VHS formats will prove to be difficult. Convert your home videos to digital media before they are lost forever. The effort behind putting memories to tape was time well spent, and now it’s important to preserve those precious memories. Ballet recitals bar mitzvahs Dad’s famous water ski wipeout vacations and much more. VHS tapes will degrade rapidly over time, we are already seeing VHS tapes from recent years that havent been stored correctly, damaged beyond repair. We all began capturing priceless memories. The miniDV camcorder for recording digital video became the replacement for the VHS. During this time, streamlined and affordable technologies turned every American family into a home TV studio. A simple to way to copy VHS tapes to DVD is with a digital camcorder. A VHS-to-DVD recorder basically gives you a DVD copy of your tape in real time.DVD recorders cost between 100-200 at major. We salute you, 1980s camcorder parents: your sore arms, your heavy shoulders, your dilated right eyes, panning soccer fields left and right, zooming in and out with flair.
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Ultimate Skills are powerful skills that have a long cooldown. The Corpse Skills for the Necromancer are: With these skills, Necromancers can boost their own damage while summoning additional horrors to deal even more combined destruction. The Curse Skills for the Necromancer are: Curses help with dealing damage over time and increase the damage dealt to Cursed enemies. The Curse Skill category includes all Necromancer skills that inflict Curses upon enemies. Corpse Explosion, Blood Mist, and Bone Prison.The Macabre Skills for the Necromancer are: Macabre Skills help to boost the defensive capabilities of the Necromancer, as well as providing powerful offensive options. Blight, Sever, Blood Surge, Blood Lance, and Bone Spear.However, while Core Skills have no cooldown, their biggest drawback is their Essence cost. These are some of the most used Necromancer skills in any build. Decompose, Reap, Hemorrhage, and Bone Splinters.The Basic Skills for the Necromancer are: Basic Skills are not very powerful, but good to finish off small enemies or as a filler while waiting for more powerful skills to be available. Basic Skillsīasic Skills are spammable skills whose primary purpose is to regenerate Essence. Necromancers also have Macabre, Curse, and Corpse Skills. This section provides an overview of the main skill categories for the Necromancer class.įor a more detailed and in-depth list of all Necromancer skills and talents, refer to the dedicated pages below.Īll classes have Basic, Core, and Ultimate Skills as categories. However, if you cannot get your hands on a Scythe right away, Swords, Daggers, and Wands, as well as an offhand Focus and Shield, are all available to Necromancers. Reaper’s Scythe are a unique weapon type only available to the Necromancer class. Necromancers can cast Curses upon their enemies through skills like Iron Maiden and Decrepify, which inflict powerful but temporary debuffs with unique effects. During that time, however, it is impossible to summon any more Golems. For example, sacrificing a Blood Golem increases the Necromancer’s maximum Life for a short time. Necromancers can sacrifice their minions in order to become stronger for a short period of time. In this section, we will cover the small differences that make the Necromancer special and go into some of the skills that are unique to them. Iron Golems charge into enemies to slam the ground and Stun. Blood Golems drain Life from enemies around them. Necromancers can select one of three different types of Golems: Bone Golems, Blood Golems, and Iron Golems.īone Golems Taunt enemies in a wide area. As far as we know, Bone Skeletal Mages launch their own bones as to deal heavy Physical damage at the cost of some of their Life. Shadow Skeletal Mages deal additional Shadow damage. Skeletal Mages come in three varieties: Shadow Skeletal Mages, Cold Skeletal Mages, and Bone Skeletal Mages.Ĭold Skeletal Mages Chill and Freeze enemies. Reapers Slow attackers with wide area of effect frontal scythe attacks and have a powerful wind-up skill that deals heavy damage every 10 seconds. Defenders wear shields and have 15% increased Life. Skirmishers are standard warriors that deal 30% increased damage, but have 15% reduced Life. Skeletal Warriors can be given one of three specialisation: Skirmishers, Defenders, or Reapers. Advancement through levels will then grant access to Skeletal Mages next, while Golems can only be obtained by completing a priority quest at Level 25. The first part of the Book that unlocks will be the Skeletal Warriors. There are three customisable minions: Skeletal Warriors, Skeletal Mages, and Golems. For example, which minions they want to summon and how they behave in combat. This book will unlock upon reaching Level 5 and allows Necromancers to customise their army to their liking. The Necromancers unique class mechanic is called The Book of the Dead. Corpses come from fallen enemies and can be raised as minions or simply detonated. The secondary Necromancer resource is Corpses. Essence is used to cast some of your most powerful skills. Necromancers have two different resources: Essence and Corpses.Įssence is the main resource and is comparable to the primary resource of other classes it refills slowly over time, but can also be replenished through the use of some Basic Skills and talents. Their Essence flows into three powerful bastions of Bone, Blood, or Shadow to bring low their enemies.” Resources – Essence and Corpses “Necromancers are cunning summoners that conjure vengeful hordes of the undead. We will also feature some theoretical late-game build ideas to fill in the lull between the Beta and the launch. Although the upcoming Diablo 4 Open Beta will be limited to level 20, we are using this opportunity to showcase our best early-game Necromancer leveling builds and tips in preparation for the full launch of the game. It's a good idea to discuss your plans with a GP first. If you're thinking of going ahead, be absolutely sure about your reasons for wanting to try it and do not rush into it. It can be expensive, time-consuming, and the results cannot be guaranteed. Trying a skin-lightening procedure is a major decision. The main techniques used to lighten the skin include: Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its colour and helps protect it from the sun. Skin-lightening procedures work by reducing the concentration or production of melanin in the skin. It's usually used to improve the appearance of blemishes such as birthmarks and dark patches (melasma). Emmy Graber.Skin lightening, or skin bleaching, is a cosmetic procedure that aims to lighten dark areas of skin or achieve a generally paler skin tone. This article has been reviewed by board-certified dermatologist Dr. These therapies work to improve your skin in texture and appearance, and offer minimal recovery time for more cosmetic procedures. If topical creams, or peels, haven’t faded your dark scars enough for your liking, talk to your dermatologist about your different options for laser therapy. From superficial, medium to deep, consult a doctor when determining what strength is right for you. There are different levels of peels depending on how deep your scarring is. Superficial chemical peels with glycolic or salicylic acid, performed by a dermatologist, work on most skin types and can make dark spots look lighter by dispersing the extra pigment and disrupting pigment-creating cell activity. Retinoids can cause skin irritation or rashes, particularly in dark-skinned people. Sun exposure after cream use can cause bumps and further darkening. When using prescription-strength creams, people with darker skin should consult a professional before using. However, these creams can also cause irritation and further darkening in some people and can sometimes make skin lighter than intended. Prescription-strength versions of hydroquinone may be necessary for extreme dark scarring. Sometimes creams also contain pigment-fading retinoids, antioxidants, niacin, glycolic acid, azelaic acid and kojic acid for a combination approach. You can get hydroquinone creams over the counter in 2 to 4 percent concentrations. Medicated CreamsĬreams and moisturizers can also contain stronger treatments that help fade dark marks, like hydroquinone. Over-the-counter moisturizers, especially those that boast lightening or skin-brightening effects, may contain these ingredients. Some natural products, like vitamin C, soy and licorice extract, can help fade your scars. Hang out in the shade when you’re outside, and never go tanning on purpose. Use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 every time you go outdoors, or wear clothing over your scars. UV light can darken scars in all skin types, so sun avoidance is a must to prevent further darkening. Sunscreen and MoisturizersĪlthough you can’t go back in time to prevent your scars, a combination of topical creams, peels and sunscreens can help them fade more quickly. While there’s no overnight cure, there are ways to minimize dark scarring given time and the right treatment. All this color lingers in the area long after wounds heal, creating darker sections of skin and drawing unwanted attention to your scars. After injury or irritation, skin inflammation triggers an explosion of pigment production. Hours in front of the makeup mirror, be gone-those dark, deeply pigmented scars from poorly healed wounds don’t have to extend your concealer routine for the months or years they take to fade. Discover a straightforward technique for generating polished-looking mats and frames around your images. Learn how to make your photos take on a matte finish, or other interesting textures.Ĭreating virtual mats and frames. Learn a technique to simulate a subtle lighting effect that draws the viewer’s eye to your subject. Learn a technique for adding realistic looking clouds or fog to your images. Learn a powerful, alternative technique for selectively lightening and bringing out detail in shadow areas (dodging) and toning down highlights (burning). Learn how to simulate the look of photographs taken with black and white infrared film. Learn a fast and effective technique for removing hot pixels (dark current noise) from nighttime and long exposure digital camera images. Removing hot pixels and dark current noise. Learn an interesting method to giving photographs a soft, “dreamy” feel. Learn how to achieve the effect of “artistic” film grain in digital camera-based images. Learn how to simulate traditional sepia toning.See the experiment on the effect of the layer mask on the tinting. Learn an effective technique for reducing excessive contrast. Learn how to tweak images with large underexposed areas to appear to have been properly exposed using an digital analogue of this technique.An article I wrote based on this technique was published in the April 2003 edition of Linux Journal.Ĭreating a contrast mask. Savvy photographers often use a neutral density filter to compress the dynamic range of a scene to allow the film or sensor in their camera to properly expose it. Tutorial LinkĪ “digital” split neutral density filter. If you need an introduction to layers and layer masks I recommend that you start with the digital split neutral density filter article. These tutorials use layers and layer masks. Got a picture with a lot of haze? Scanner giving you dull, lifeless images? Try this simple and effective technique for improving the image. Removing haze using local contrast enhancement. A trivially easy way to do sepia, selenium, platinum, palladium, cyanotype and other classic tonings! Learn a dead simple technique for matching the toning of one image in another. Learn how to ameliorate the problem of sensor noise.Ĭlassic B&W toning by sampling other toned images. Digital cameras are prone to sensor noise, the digital counterpart to traditional film’s grain. There are more ways than you think!Note: this has expands upon and supersedes the older Channel Mixer tutorial. Learn a variety of different ways to convert your RGB color images to black and white. New script available to automate the process!Ĭonverting color images to B&W. Learn how to remove the dreaded “red-eye” effect from candid flash photographs.An article I wrote based on this technique was published in the February 2003 edition of Linux Journal. Here are some tips on ramping up to an effective GIMP workflow. New GIMP users transitioning from other image editing programs find the GIMP’s interface spartan and confusing. These tutorials do not assume much prior knowledge. If you are interested in helping, let me know. As I am extremely busy these days, it may take a while. Thanks for your patience while I update the tutorials. All the 1.x tutorials will work in GIMP 2.x if you look for the commands under different menus. Now GIMP 2.x is out and some menus and keybindings have changed. Many of these tutorials were written when GIMP 1.x was the latest version. Even if you use another image editing program such as Photoshop you will find that tutorials apply to that program with only slight modifications.Ĭlick on the picture thumbnail to view the tutorial. These tutorials show step-by-step techniques for accomplishing a variety of photographic “digital darkroom” tasks using the GIMP image editor. GIMP Image Editing Tutorials for Photographers The reissue was operated until 2009 with the TAG Heuer Caliber 17, since then it is offered with the revised Monaco Caliber 12. Originally the chronograph calibre 11 breathed its life, then a groundbreaking achievement: it was one of the first automatic chronograph calibres. Optically almost identical is the further development inside the watch. Its unusual case attracted the attention of every viewer, making the creator Jack Heuer one of the first product placements in an international format film.Īfter the merger with the TAG group (Techniques d'Avant Garde) in 1985, in 1998 a tribute to the original model of the Monaco was made, the Monaco Steve McQueen Edition. On the contrary, it sets itself visually still today from other watches and fascinated by not only lovers.Īt the latest in 1970, the big breakthrough came in the motorsport movie "Le Mans" Steve McQueen plays a race car driver, on his wrist is clearly recognizable to see a TAG Heuer Monaco. The square case made the watch very unusual for the standards of the time, but this did not detract from the success of the TAG Heuer Monaco. A watch designed to appeal equally to both racers and watch enthusiasts, a watch that should embody motorsports in the future. He soon had the idea to unite these two passions, so the idea for the TAG Heuer Monaco was born. The only special feature is that the crown is not located between the pushers on the right side of the case, as is usually the case, but only on the left side of the case.įounder-great-grandson Jack Heuer is a self-confessed motorsport and watch enthusiast. With its classic metallic blue dial and chronograph pushers at the familiar positions, it unquestionably meets the expectations of the critical fan community. CAW211P.FC6356) is the latest version of the Monaco from the manufacturer's current collection. It is water resistant up to 100 metres, and the power reserve provides for just over 40 hours. The case has been enlarged from 38 mm to 39 mm, and the previously used Plexiglas has been replaced by scratch-resistant sapphire crystal. CAW2111.FC6183) is the new edition of the Steve McQueen Edition presented in 2009. With a small seconds hand, date window and water resistance up to 50 metres, it impresses with the characteristic look and practicality of an everyday watch. WW2110.FT6005) comes as a three-hand version of the legendary racing chronograph. In bold colours, it highlights the historic event, and with the legendary Swiss-made Calibre 11, it guarantees the highest level of accuracy. CW211A.FC6228) was launched to commemorate the anniversary of Gulf's first victory in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Speaking of glass: The processed sapphire crystal of the watch is anti-reflective on both sides so that the time remains readable even in strong sunlight. The Monaco embodies the racing more than any other watch, at the latest after watching the movie "Le Mans", the crystal clear. The watch has a finely graduated dial, an integrated automatic chronograph and an additional date display. It is striking – especially newer models are available in rich colours, but also vintage mdoels of the TAG Heuer Monaco are very distinctive with their square dial. Derived from these brilliant races is the name of the TAG Heuer Monaco series, which was launched in 1969. Motorsport is in the name of the watch already, and the thought of the Formula 1 race in Monaco makes it taste like gasoline. TAG Heuer Monaco watches for sale – new, vintage and certified pre-owned ALL available trainers are for Single Player/Offline use ONLY! Don't try to use them online else your account can/will be banned/closed!īioShock 2 Remastered v20171205 Fixed FilesīioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) - v8 +15 TRAINERįile Archive - External Link - Can return a false AV Positive! File = Clean!īioShock 2 Remastered v20161220 Fixed FilesīioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +15 TRAINERįile Archive - RU Text - Can return a false AV Positive! File = Clean!īioShock 2 Remastered v20161007 Fixed FilesīioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) Fixed FilesīioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +1 TRAINERīioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +6 TRAINERīioShock 2 Remastered: Minerva's Den DLC UNLOCKERīioShock 2 Remastered v1.If you have problems using a trainer in combination with Windows Vista, 7, 8 or 10 then make sure to run the trainer with Administrator rights and when needed in Windows XP or Windows 98 compatibility mode!.In ALL cases this is a FALSE ALARM as NONE of the Game Trainers GCW contain known malicious code! More info in the PC Games FAQ! Some Game Trainers are sometimes reported to be a Virus or Trojan, the most common is a keylogger called HotKeysHook or the file has been packed/protected with VMProtect or Themida and is recognized as Win32/Packed.VMProtect or Win32/Packed.Themida.In most cases using a No-CD or Fixed EXE will solve this problem! Some original games do not work when a certain application has been installed, like DAEMON Tools.When using Fixed Files make sure to use a Firewall which controls outgoing traffic, as some games call back to report the use of these modified files!.When this happens use the original EXE to play online, else you could find yourself banned from the game! Some No-CD/Fixed EXE files work fine in Single Player mode but are detected to be modified when trying to play online.Always make a backup of the files that are overwritten by the File Archive, as the original files are usually required to update the game to a newer version or to play Online!.BioShock 2 Remastered: Minerva's Den DLC UNLOCKER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +6 TRAINER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +1 TRAINER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +15 TRAINER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) +9 TRAINER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) - v8 +15 TRAINER.BioShock 2 Remastered v1.0 (v22) Fixed Files.BioShock 2 Remastered v20161007 Fixed Files.BioShock 2 Remastered v20161220 Fixed Files.BioShock 2 Remastered v20171205 Fixed Files. BioShock Remastered (Steam) 10-4-16 Trainer +10. : STEAM (3rd-Party EULA) (Digital Download) Current Trainers: BioShock Remastered (Steam) 9-13-16 Trainer +10. Game or Patch Questions? Visit FileForums In the 1971 Mike Nichols-directed drama "Carnal Knowledge," Moreno played a hooker, starring opposite Jack Nicholson and Art Garfunkel as longtime friends faced with sexual and emotional issues concerning their relationships with various women. "West Side Story" won several other Oscars that year as well, including Best Picture.Despite her breakout performance and Oscar win, it took a decade for Hollywood to cast Moreno in a role that truly showcased her depth and versatility as an actress. The role earned Moreno a well-deserved Academy Award in 1962 for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. As Anita, confidante of the film's heroine Maria (Natalie Wood) and the equivalent of the Nurse in Shakespeare's play, Moreno stole every scene she was in, especially with her rendition of the song-and-dance number "America." She also delivered a moving performance in a scene in which rival gang the Jets assaults Anita, which was considered the film's climax. Moreno stepped in for the role of Anita - originally played on Broadway by Chita Rivera - the Puerto Rican girlfriend of the Sharks' leader Bernardo (George Chakiris). The 1961 film, directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins, wanted to cast actors who looked believable as teenagers. When Moreno was not cast in vampy roles, she played exotic characters, from an Indian exchange student on the television series "Father Knows Best" (CBS, 1954-55 NBC, 1955-58 CBS, 1958-1960), to the young Burmese wife Tuptim in the 1956 musical "The King and I." Moreno admitted she took on the roles, no matter how stereotypical and degrading they were, simply because she wanted to remain in show business.Moreno finally broke out of the Hollywood mold when she was cast in the feature film adaptation of "West Side Story." The groundbreaking Broadway musical debuted in 1957 and retold William Shakespeare's classic "Romeo & Juliet" in an urban New York setting with rival street gangs the Jets and the Sharks. This led to more musical film appearances for the up-and-coming star, including supporting parts in "The Toast of New Orleans" (1950), "Pagan Love Song" (1950), and a featured role as silent screen vamp Zelda Zanners in the what most consider the greatest musical of all time, "Singin' in the Rain."In March 1954, Moreno graced the cover of LIFE magazine, posing in a seductive, over-the-left-shoulder profile along with the headline "Rita Moreno: An Actresses' Catalog of Sex and Innocence." Even though the article pushed Moreno's career to the forefront of the entertainment industry, it also glorified the Hollywood stereotype of Hispanic actresses as "sexpots." During a Miami Herald interview later on in her career, Moreno revealed she felt humiliated whenever she was offered a role as a "Conchita" or "Lolita" in Western films, where she was often asked to act barefoot. Using the stage name Rosita Moreno, the young actress landed her first feature film role in the drama "So Young So Bad" (1950). Just a few days shy of her 14th birthday, Moreno (who had adopted her stepfather's surname) made her Broadway debut in the 1945 Belasco Theatre production of "Skydrift," opposite Arthur Keegan and Eli Wallach. At 11, the future star earned money by dubbing Spanish-language versions of American films. Moreno began her professional career before she reached her teen years. In 1937, she moved to Spanish Harlem in New York City with her mother, Rosa Maria, and shared a tiny apartment with their relatives. 11, 1931 in Humacao, Puerto Rico to a farmer and a seamstress. The role earned Moreno an Academy Award in 1962, paving the way for Hispanic actors to land sizeable and profound roles, while also cementing the hardworking and multi-talented star's place as a shining legend of the stage and screen.Rosita Dolores Alverio was born on Dec. Moreno challenged the system with her show-stopping performance in "West Side Story" (1961), one of the most loved film musicals of all time. She also fell victim to blatant stereotyping in show business, often landing roles as a sexpot or foreigner in film and on television. From her early years in theater to the height of her film stardom, Moreno proved she was a force to be reckoned with, delivering scene-stealing performances in timeless classics such as "Singin' in the Rain" (1952), "The King and I" (1956), and "Carnal Knowledge" (1971). A much-loved star of the stage and screen, Rita Moreno achieved a rare feat in the entertainment industry by winning an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy Award throughout her illustrious career. To help you to see how this operates, I will use an example of a couple who briefly dated. The retrograde and direct motion of outer planets are relevant in the timing of energetic shifts. The transiting planets and eclipses affect a composite chart in the same way they affect a natal chart. I find that the composite is an invaluable tool for gaining insight into the themes and trends affecting a relationship at any given time period so I use it in my predictive readings. The synastry chart must be studied along with composite to get a comprehensive analysis. For the relationship to be a long term, mutually engaging one, both people's natal charts must be activated by the composite. I may have a high attachment to the relationship. For instance, if my natal sun-moon opposition falls close to the asc-dsc axis or MC-IC axis of the relationship chart, it will play an important role in my self-concept and self-development. We can see one-sided relationships through the composite, when one person's natal chart is highly activated and the other person's is not. The relationship has an unusual comfort that develops at a fast pace, and you can find yourself pouring out your soul to this person. If your moon is conjunct the IC of the composite, you will feel naturally at home with the person and may feel you get into deep conversations, sharing things you normally don't share with others so quickly, or at all. For instance, if your natal north and south nodes are the same as the composite's ascendant- descendant axis, this relationship will have a profound impact on you, and feel very fated, regardless of how long you stay together. You can compare your natal planets and angles to the planets and angles of the composite to see how the relationship affects you. This is the energy projected onto the world by the couple, and how they are viewed in society when they are together. Fortunately, there is software to calculate the composite chart, and you may create a free chart on We think of the composite chart as useful for learning about the karma, strengths, weaknesses, personality and overall flavour of a relationship. This is because there is a 30 degree separation between the suns, so you must divide this in two to get 15 degrees, and then you add 15 degrees to the sun which is earlier in the zodiac, 25 degrees gemini. For example, if your sun is at 25 degrees gemini and your partner's sun is at 25 degrees cancer, the composite chart sun would be at 10 degrees cancer. The composite chart is the midpoint of your planets and angles with another person. This is exactly what Fair Districts was designed about.” History of discrimination “I feel like the logic is pretty solid,” Isbell said. Isbell, though, said the likelihood that the map gets overturned “is very high.” “… Although the decision for Alabama is a positive for the plaintiffs in the case, I still think they have a very steep hill to climb in order to have the Florida Supreme Court overturn Florida’s congressional districts.” “We have a Florida Supreme Court that’s been stacked by DeSantis appointees,” McDonald said. DeSantis has nominated five of the seven justices, making it 6-1 conservative. The state Supreme Court, which ultimately made that ruling, is vastly different from 2015’s which had a liberal majority. So we already have a super powerful ruling in our favor.” That decision, Scoon said, found that Fair Districts “was enforceable, clear, and an example to every other state in the union. They drew the districts that were in place until the latest maps were enacted last year following the 2020 Census. When the Legislature at the time couldn’t agree on new maps, the court turned to the league and the other plaintiffs in the lawsuit. The court found that GOP consultants submitted maps with the intent to produce more Republican seats in Congress. Scoon said the league’s suit also is bolstered by their previous victory in the state Supreme Court in 2015. … The DeSantis Plan does not comply with the Fair Districts Amendment. “He vetoed the Legislature’s congressional plan and convened a special legislative session, leaving the Legislature little choice but to consider and pass his own redistricting scheme. “He unilaterally declared the Fair Districts Amendment unconstitutional,” the suit states. “Governor Ron DeSantis, however, had other ideas.” The suit states that “the Legislature appeared to follow the Fair Districts Amendment in good faith” at the beginning of the redistricting cycle. Scoon, president of the League of Women Voters of Florida, said the Alabama ruling was based on the same section of the Voting Rights Act that inspired the Fair Districts amendment “And the Supreme Court in the Alabama case basically said, ‘No, actually you can draw districts for race-based reasons.’ So that piece of the defense is weakened for DeSantis and the Florida State Government.”ĭeSantis spokesman Jeremy Redfern did not respond to a request for comment on the ruling. “One of DeSantis’ defenses … is basically that race-based drawing of districts is unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause,” said Michael McDonald, a professor of political science at the University of Florida. Neither lawsuit directly compares to the Alabama case, which was decided on an interpretation of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.īut plaintiffs and elections experts say the precedent established by the decision will play a role in whether one or both of the suits succeed. Their suit is based on the Fair Districts amendments to the Florida Constitution, which bans partisan and racial gerrymandering. The League of Women Voters Florida and other groups, meanwhile, are suing Florida in state court over the maps, just like they did a decade ago. The maps, which eliminated a Black access district in North Florida and watered down Black voting power in Central Florida, ultimately led to Republicans winning four more seats in Congress and helped the GOP win back the House in Washington.Ĭommon Cause and other groups are suing Florida in federal court on racial discrimination grounds, citing the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution ratified in the wake of the Civil War. Ron DeSantis and approved by the GOP-controlled Legislature. Two sets of plaintiffs are attempting to make the same thing happen here in Florida, where the state’s 2022 congressional maps were imposed by Gov. On Monday, the Supreme Court ruled that Louisiana must redraw its congressional map to add a second majority-Black district, the second major decision on minority districts this month. |